Respirology Case Reorts

Margaret Gleeson, Megan Finan, Karen Redmond
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1230

Although encountered infrequently in clinical practice, pulmonary adenoid cystic carcinoma is typically a slow-growing indolent condition however, a small proportion of patients present with acute, progressive symptoms and represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Novel treatments including proton beam therapy and 3D stent reconstruction have been successfully used in this cohort.

Tadatsugu Yoshinaga, Makiko Yomota, Kazutoshi Toriyama, Hirokazu Iso, Kie Mirokuji, Shoko Kawai, Kosuke Narita, Mikito Suzuki, Hirotoshi Horio, Yukio Hosomi
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1276

Intralobar pulmonary sequestration can present as multiple, nodular, pulmonary lesions with focal emphysema. CE-CT with 3D reconstruction is useful for diagnosing this condition

Amy Samson, Michael J Maze
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1281

Legionella longbeachae is a common cause of pneumonia in Australasia but rarely identified as the cause of empyema. We report a case of L. longbeachae empyema and lung abscess and highlight the need for specific culture media or molecular testing to identify this organism in pleural fluid.

Tomoko Kotani, Toshiaki Inazaki, Hajime Kasai, Shintaro Rakuman, Kenichi Suzuki, Takashi Urushibara
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1287

Herein, we present a case of pneumonia caused by A. xylosoxidans that exhibited a chronic progression similar to that of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections.

Yuki Amakusa, Tatsuro Suzuki, Masaya Takemura, Tetsuya Oguri
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1288

Few cases of lung lesions presenting with respiratory failure in Sweet's syndrome have been reported. We herein report a case of Sweet's syndrome in a patient suspected with VEXAS syndrome.

Benjamin Salwen, Dan Frechtling, Wadih Chahine, Jaime Palomino
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1290

We present a rare case of pericardial effusion secondary to EBUS-TBNA. This case highlights the potential risk of pericardial effusion when sampling lymph nodes, particularly station 4R, in patients with a high riding superior pericardial recess.

Keisuke Shiraha, Yuki Takigawa, Akiko Sato, Keiichi Fujiwara, Yuka Matsuo, Mayu Goda, Tomoyoshi Inoue, Eri Nakamura, Miho Fujiwara, Suzuka Matsuoka, Hiromi Watanabe, Kenichiro Kudo, Ken Sato, Takuo Shibayama
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1291

The present case was diagnosed with atezolizumab and pegfilgrastim-induced large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) and was treated with prednisolone. LVV should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with nonspecific body pain when pegfilgrastim and immune checkpoint inhibitors are used in combination.

Weihua Xu, Ming Chen, Jiagan Xu, Lei Wang, Congbin Peng, Guohong Mo
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1292

In this article, we report two cases using a new method for locating multifocal bronchopleural fistula (BPFs) which involves placing the endobronchial valve (EBV) in reverse combined with retrograde MB instillation. First, the thoracic cavity is filled with MB solution. Then, using bronchoscopy, the location of a BPF can be identified as the MB solution flows into the bronchus. Secondly, an EBV is deployed in reverse in the bronchus where the identified BPF is located. Retrograde MB instillation is then repeated to locate any additional BPFs until no new ones are found.

Louis Chhor, Reditta Soraya Tumali, Caroline Östberg, Anish Sachdev
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1293

Hot tub lung (HTL) is a type of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) caused by inhalation of aerosols containing non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). We report the first case of hot tub lung in Victoria, Australia.

Takuma Katano, Tomoyuki Ogisu, Akira Satou, Toshiyuki Yonezawa, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Satoru Ito
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1294

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is caused by exposure to an overt or occult inhaled antigens in susceptible individuals. Bird-related HP is now one of the major causes of HP. Several cases of eosinophilic pneumonia (EP) associated with the COVID-19 vaccination have been reported. Here, we report a case of non-fibrotic, bird-related HP with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) eosinophilia equivalent to EP after COVID-19 vaccination.

Jaehee Lee, Bo Eun Park, Se Yong Jang, Chang Ho Kim
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.12979

We report a case of isolated cryptococcal pleural effusion and review its characteristics with reference to pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels.

Makiko Yomota, Masaru Tanaka, Takayuki Kobayashi, Masatake Kitano, Saori Ikeda, Yusuke Kanemasa, Noriyo Yanagawa, Yukio Hosomi
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.12989

Herein, we report a case of COVID-19 persisting longer than 11 months which developed interstitial changes in the lungs that were recalcitrant to corticosteroid therapy.

Takefumi Nikaido, Yoshinori Tanino, Yuki Sato, Ryuichi Togawa, Takaya Kawamata, Natsumi Watanabe, Hiroyuki Minemura, Kojiro Ono, Katsumasa Sato, Yoko Shibata
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.13019

Evaluation of diaphragmatic dynamics by dynamic digital radiography during non-effort tidal breathing in the supine position may be a promising method for predicting disease progression in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Makoto Takahama
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.13029

Glomus tumours of the trachea are very rare. They are generally benign and arise most commonly from the distal portion of the respiratory tree. Due to the rarity of these neoplasms, the accumulation of case details may offer some insight into how to successfully manage patients.

Eleanor C Barton, Simon Johnson, Neil Collin, Nidhi Bhatt, Nick A Maskell
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.13039

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a rare pulmonary disease affecting women of childbearing age, of which chylothorax is a recognized complication. We describe a case of a complex patient with a LAM-related chylothorax, which was refractory to medical management.

Tanapat Tassaneeyasin, Dararat Eksombatchai, Prawat Chantharit, Arunee Singhsnaeh, Viboon Boonsarngsuk
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.13049

Herein, we describe the unusual case of a kidney transplant patient who presented with left pleural effusion. The diagnosis of Naganishia-related pleural effusion was ultimately confirmed through pleuroscopy with pleural nodule biopsy.

Masamitsu Hamakawa, Takafumi Yamano, Machiko Arita, Takashi Niwa, Tadashi Ishida
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.13059

We report a successful treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPM) achieved via multidisciplinary treatment with dupilumab and a cryoprobe after visualizing mucus plugs obstructing the entire bronchus using three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography.

Chia-Hao Hu, Po-Lan Su, Li-Ting Huang, Chung-Ta Lee, Tang-Hsiu Huang 1306'>10.1002/rcr2.13069

Tracheopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a rare and benign condition of the central airway, but with a daunting appearance. In this case report, we describe the clinical, imaging, and histological features, and videoed bronchoscopic findings, of a middle-aged male patient with incidentally diagnosed TO.

Yuki Haruta, Masanori Azuma, Toshikatsu Sado, Ryuichi Saito, Yoshimune Miyazaki, Akihiro Noda, Reina Kitagawa, Yasutaka Hori, Sayaka Fujimoto, Yoshinori Hasegawa, Tetsuya Ueda, Ryosuke Yamamura
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.13079

In recent years, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the treatment of various carcinomas has increased, which have been associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that are often diverse. Haematological immune-related adverse events (hem-irAEs) are rare, and only a few cases of ICI-induced coagulation factor inhibitors have been reported. Here, we report a rare case of ICI-induced factor V inhibitor.

Masamitsu Hamakawa, Tadashi Ishida
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.12899

Pleural amyloidosis does not present with specific imaging findings and is difficult to diagnose and differentiate from malignant disease unless pleural biopsy is performed. We report our experience with a 78-year-old patient and diagnostic work including pleural biopsy leading to a diagnosis of localized AL (λ) amyloidosis.

Hironori Oyamatsu, Takaki Fujimura, Takehiko Okagawa, Seijirou Niimi
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.12959

We present a rare and the youngest reported case of sclerosing thymoma with numerous coarse calcifications.

Masamitsu Hamakawa, Machiko Arita, Tadashi Ishida
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.12969

The patient in this case was a 15-year-old girl who was referred to our outpatient clinic for treatment of refractory asthma. Conventional computed tomography and single photon emission computed tomography findings led to the diagnosis of a subtype of Swyer–James–MacLeod syndrome. Overall, this case highlights the importance of chest imaging assessments in patients that present with refractory asthma.

Masamitsu Hamakawa, Tadashi Ishida
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.12999

Chest drainage is a basic and important procedure in the treatment of pneumothorax. We present within a case illustrating that, when properly implemented, it can successfully treat a severely ill patient and prevent surgical intervention.

Hwan Jin Lee, So Ri Kim
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.13009

This case with post-covid pneumonia presented with sudden respiratory distress 5 weeks after recovery from COVID-19. Imaging showed generalized ground glass opacities (GGO) in both lungs with de-saturation. Respiratory symptoms quickly and dramatically responded to steroid treatment and GGO significantly disappeared in just two days of treatment.

Besharat Rahimi, Ghazal Roostaei, Hossein Kazemizadeh, Maryam Edalatifard, Niloofar Khoshnam-Rad
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.13099

Kartagener syndrome, a rare genetic disorder, can present in adults with persistent respiratory symptoms and radiological changes, such as bronchiectasis and situs inversus. We present a case of diagnostic in adulthood in a female patient who presented with persistent productive cough and a history of recurrent pneumonias.