Respirology Case Reorts

Aida Borgi, Assaad Louati, Amal Miraoui, Lilia Lahmar, Khaoula Mefteh, Ahmed Hajji, Ahmed Ayari, Asma Bouziri, Khaled Menif, Hanen Smaoui, Nejla Benjaballah
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.1012

We report herein a cluster of infants with critical illness due to the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant and without underlying health conditions, to increase the knowledge of the critical form of COVID-19 infection in children.

Bree-Anna Gadsby, Andrew Oaten, Phoebe Davies, Graham Simpson, Stephen Vincent
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.1017

Isolated mediastinal lymphadenopathy as the presenting feature of melioidosis, the clinical disease caused by the Gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei, is rare and can be indistinguishable from tuberculosis or malignancy. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is the preferred technique for evaluating undifferentiated mediastinal lymphadenopathy but its role in the diagnosis of mediastinal melioidosis remains sparsely reported in the literature. In this case series, we present four cases of mediastinal melioidosis, and the role that EBUS guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) played in the diagnosis and management.

Naoto Fukasawa, Yoko Agemi, Aya Shiba, Masaharu Aga, Yusuke Hamakawa, Kazuhito Miyazaki, Yuri Taniguchi, Yuki Misumi, Tsuneo Shimokawa, Kyoko Ono, Hiroyuki Hayashi, Hiroaki Okamoto
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.1004

We report a rare case of malignant pericardial mesothelioma diagnosed immunohistopathologically using cell block sections of pericardial fluid and the patient had prolonged survival for more than 3 years with only periodic pericardial drainage.

Takayasu Ito, Yasushi Makino, Shuko Mashimo, Tomoya Baba, Ryo Otsuki, Hirotoshi Yasui, Yasutaka Fukui, Mitsuru Odate, Yoshifumi Arai, Shotaro Okachi, Keiko Wakahara, Naozumi Hashimoto
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.1007

We report the case of a patient with acute respiratory failure who was diagnosed with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive advanced lung adenocarcinoma via thin bronchoscope through the nasal cavity under a high-concentration oxygen mask, which was performed to prevent hypoxaemia during bronchoscopy.

James P Pham, Greta Beale, Mahdieh Gorji, Benjamin Thompson, Suhel Al-Soufi, Emily Stone
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.1010

We report a case of severe primary varicella infection with cutaneous, pulmonary and hepatic involvement in an immunocompetent patient, and review the literature for possible risk factors including a recent course of prednisolone and long-term use of inhaled corticosteroids for asthma. These patients may warrant screening for vaccination against varicella, and counselling as appropriate. Prompt recognition of the characteristic cutaneous and radiographic features of varicella infection can facilitate early diagnosis and initiation of antiviral therapy, conferring better treatment outcomes.

Hafizah Abdullah, Yen Shen Wong, Muhammad Amin Ibrahim, Aisya Natasya Musa, Thevaraajan Jayaraman, Mohd Arif Mohd Zim
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.1013

Cystic lung formation secondary to COVID-19 infection was described during COVID-19 pandemic, but with relatively low prevalence. We described two patients who develop bullous lung disease with pneumothorax post COVID-19 infection.

Taryn Reddy, Ramey Bajwa, Andrew Burke
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.1014

Brief overview of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia-associated IRIS (PJP-IRIS) with emphasis on radiographic and cross-sectional imaging features of PJP-IRIS in a patient following commencement of antiretroviral therapy.

Devan Partridge, Randy Eilert, Felecia A. Newton
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.1015

Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) is instrumental in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory illness. FB is common, with bleeding post-procedure incidence between 0.26% and 5% but unpredictable degrees of severity. We present a case of catastrophic haemorrhage following FB with endobronchial biopsy of a necrotic lung mass.

Dujrath Somboonviboon, Anan Wattanathum, Narumon Keorochana, Kittisak Wongchansom
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.1016

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease with sustained granulomatous inflammation. The possible main pathogenesis of sarcoidosis is a dysregulation between immune response and certain environmental antigens. We present a case of sarcoidosis as an interesting sequela of COVID-19. Therefore, sarcoidosis developing after COVID-19, was suggested as a possible link between the viral infection and dysregulation of the inflammation process.

Masanori Tanaka, Daichi Fujimoto, Hiroaki Akamatsu, Hiromitsu Sumikawa, Nobuyuki Yamamoto
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.1019

We herein report a patient with notable radiographic findings indicative of a primary chest wall lymphoma. A literature review of imaging was also provided.

Luong Dinh Van, Huy Ngoc Le, Michel Pletschette, Anh Tuan Nguyen, Thinh Hoang Nguyen, Ngoc Bich Thi Nguyen
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.1020

We report a rare case of cystic tuberculosis with an unexpectedly rapid and complete improvement following standard TB treatment.

Shana N S Khan, Robert G Stirling, Catriona A Mclean, Prudence A Russell, Ryan F Hoy
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.1021

We describe a 26-year-old stone benchtop fabricator with silicoproteinosis following daily exposure to high levels of silica who had elevated serum GM-CSF-Ab. We discuss the role of GM-CSF-Ab in cases of PAP with occupational inhalational exposure and the challenges in its interpretation.

Go Kamimura, Kazuhiro Ueda, Aya Takeda, Koki Maeda, Masaya Aoki, Masami Sato
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.1023

Mediastinal neurogenic tumors are often derived from sympathetic nerves and intercostal nerves, and schwannomas originating from the intrathoracic vagus nerve are rare. In the present case, we performed uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery for schwannoma of the origin of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. This case was complicated with the azygos lobe, but recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy was avoided even after surgery, so we report it with some consideration.

Moe Ando, Hideo Saka, Yasuhiro Matsuo, Shin Lee, Tetsuji Morishita, Kei Fujita, Akifumi Tsuzuku
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.1024

We successfully removed the broncholiths with a cryo-probe under rigid bronchoscopy without any complications. Our experience suggests that removal of broncholiths can be safely and successfully performed using a cryo-probe under rigid bronchoscopy.

Soo Yeon Jang, Sung Yong Lee, Hye Lim Lee, Juwhan Choi
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.1025

Here we report a case of pembrolizumab-induced fulminant myositis with cardiotoxicity after one treatment cycle in a patient with metastatic thymoma.

Seira Ozawa, Shigeo Hanada, Hironori Uruga, Hiroyo Ito, Hiroshi Nakahama, Narishige Ishikawa, Shuhei Moriguchi, Kyoko Murase, Atsushi Miyamoto, Nobukazu Hayashi, Daiya Takai
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.1011

A papulonodular lesion with an umbilicatedcenter presented on the nasalbridge and multiple nodules with cavitary lesions on chest computed tomographyare very impressive. Grocott stain of skin biopsy specimen shows numerousyeastlike organisms, suggesting a cutaneous manifestation of disseminated cryptococcosis.

Yung-Chia Huang, Shih-Wei Lee, Shih-Hsin Wu, Mei-Yin Chen
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.1018

We present a case of incidental finding of situs ambiguus hinted by chest radiograph. This case highlights the importance of actively seeking diagnosis when right sub-diaphragmic air is noted when viewing a chest radiograph.

Daiki Nagayama, Toshiyuki Sumi, Yoshiko Keira, Yusuke Tanaka, Haruhiko Michimata, Yuta Koshino, Hiroki Watanabe, Yuichi Yamada, Hirofumi Chiba
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.1022

EUS-B-FNA may be used to evaluate and diagnose tumours with cardiac invasion. Safe, minimally invasive procedures were sufficient to confirm the diagnosis in our patient and assess the degree of invasion, which also allowed for chemotherapy to be initiated promptly.