Respirology Case Reorts

Anna Kornafeld, Sebastian Fernandez-Bussy, David Abia-Trujillo, Juan C Garcia, Ryan M Chadha
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.903

Humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange (HRIVE) was able to maintain adequate oxygenation via the rigid bronchoscope in a select group of patients. We suggest HRIVE now potentially offers an option of oxygenation via the rigid bronchoscope that allows for continuous oxygenation without interruption of the procedure, a cost-effective option compared to high-frequency jet ventilation, and a less labour-intensive option compared to low-frequency jet ventilation.

Ka Pang Chan, Wing Ho Yip, Tina Yee Ching Chan, Chun-Yiu Law
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.907

This case report illustrated changing pleural fluid triglyceride levels during the treatment for hepatic hydrothorax and underlying chylothorax. The diagnosis was finally established by confirming the presence of chylomicron using lipoprotein electrophoresis.

Amirmasoud Taheri, Mahdi Fakhar, Ali Sharifpour, Elham Sadat Banimostafavi
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.908

Cavitary lung lesions are caused by different types of diseases such as malignancies, infectious lung diseases, rheumatologic disorders and so on. Infectious diseases cause the majority of them. Bacteria, fungi and protozoa are the most critical pathogens. Among protozoa, there have been no reports that Lophomonas causes cavitation in the lungs. Ours is the first reported case in which lophomoniasis presented with cavities in a subject who had no underlying disease, never smoked, was without lung infection or even had no chronic pulmonary symptoms.

Takuya Ohashi, Miwako Miyasaka, Mitsumasa Kawago, Yoshimitsu Hirai, Megumi Kiyoi, Yumi Yata, Mari Kawaji, Aya Fusamoto, Hideto Iguchi, Hitomi Nakanishi, Yoshiharu Nishimura
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.909

A 63-year-old woman had extensive granulation in the left main bronchus, extending into the second carina, making it impossible to place an additional stent distal to the existing one. In addition, irritation by the stent was thought to be the cause of granulation, but its removal led to restenosis. Therefore, the stent was left in place and tranilast was administered. Four months later, the granulation had disappeared.

Momoko Kurihara, Tomonori Kuroki, Yushi Nomura, Otohiro Katsube, Takafumi Umetsu, Toshio Numao, Taro Shimizu, Kumiya Sugiyama
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.910

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a rare disease caused by reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection or primary tuberculosis, such as miliary tuberculosis. Given the moderate burden of tuberculosis in Japan, miliary tuberculosis is an important differential diagnosis for impaired consciousness. Here, we report a case of TBM that was treated as bacterial meningitis but was later revealed to be miliary tuberculosis, and we discuss the challenges of differential diagnosis in this rare case.

Bushra Johari, Boon Hock Khor, Aisya Natasya Musa, Roqiah Fatmawati Abdul Kadir
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.911

Tuberculosis (TB) is a common disease which is still endemic in many countries including Malaysia. Acquired cystic lung disease is a rare complication of post-TB infection. We aim to describe two cases of young patients who developed cystic lung disease during treatment for TB, which were further complicated with recurrent pneumothorax.

Tomoya Horiguchi, Tetsuya Tsukamoto, Yoko Toyama, Toshiharu Sasaki, Tomoyuki Nakamura, Aki Sakurai, Naohide Kuriyama, Satoshi Komatsu, Yoshiko Shigeyasu, Takuma Ina, Eiko Sakurai, Noriko Nakajima, Arisa Tsuchimori, Seiji Yamada, Tadaki Suzuki, Kazuyoshi Imaizumi
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.912

We report a fatal case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with disseminated mucormycosis diagnosed during autopsy. Disseminated mucormycosis is a rare complication of COVID-19. Although its early diagnosis is difficult, the disease progresses rapidly. Hence, we propose that immunosuppressive treatment for COVID-19 should be administered with caution considering the risk of developing severe opportunistic infections, such as mucormycosis.

Yuki Ikematsu, Miiru Izumi, Tsuyoshi Ueno, Yuki Moriuchi, Mizuko Ose, Naotaka Noda, Makiko Hara, Junji Otsuka, Kentaro Wakamatsu, Masayuki Kawasaki
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.913

Edwardsiella tarda is a motile, anaerobic, gram-negative rod bacterium associated with freshwater and marine life. Previous reports have indicated that E. tarda is a rare human pathogen and that its most common clinical manifestation is gastroenteritis. We herein present the first case of pleural empyema with gas formation caused by mixed infection of E. tarda with Streptococcus constellatus, a member of the Streptococcus milleri group.

Elham Sadat Banimostafavi, Mahdi Fakhar, Zakaria Zakariaei, Ali Sharifpour, Mostafa Soleymani
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.917

We describe a 62-year-old obese man with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus who was referred for a tumour-like mass in the left lung, which after bronchoscopy was diagnosed as mucormycosis.

Misato Kobayashi, Yukari Tsubata, Yohei Shiratsuki, Takamasa Hotta, Megumi Hamaguchi, Takeshi Isobe
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.918

In immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), excessive inflammatory response occurs during recovery from immunosuppression. Reports are limited on nontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM)-associated IRIS among non-HIV patients, and the condition might have been misdiagnosed as an uncontrollable infectious condition in the past. Here, we report a case of NTM-associated non-HIV IRIS.

DOI: 10.1002/rcr.921
This article corrects the following:

Idiopathic dendriform pulmonary ossification diagnosed by bronchoscopic lung cryobiopsy: A case report
Yasuhito Sekimoto, Yuichi Nagata, Motoyasu Kato, Yuta Arai, Yuichi Fujimoto, Haruhi Takagi, Takehiko Shukuya, Takuo Hayashi, Tetsutaro Nagaoka, Yasuko Yoshioka, Kazuhisa Takahashi
DOI: 10.1002/rcr.896