Respirology Case Reorts

Venkata Nagarjuna Maturu, Priti Meshram, Soumya Das, Ashok Kumar Rajput, Arun Chowdary Kotaru, Bhavesh Kotak, Neeraj Markandeywar, Simran Chhatwal
DOI: 10.1002/rcr780

Severe asthma can be associated with eosinophilic or allergic phenotypes or both. Mepolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma. This case series includes four adult patients suffering from severe eosinophilic asthma who were treated with mepolizumab.

Hari Kishan Gonuguntla, Milap Shah, Nitesh Gupta, Sumita Agrawal, Venerino Poletti, Gustavo Cumbo Nacheli
DOI: 10.1002/rcr808

We describe the feasibility, technical details, and complications of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial cryo-node biopsy (EBUS-TBCNB) in four patients with mediastinal adenopathy.

Arturo Cortes-Telles, Diana Lizbeth Ortíz-Farias, Felipe Perez-Hernandez, Dulce Rodriguez-Morejon
DOI: 10.1002/rcr749

Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP) is associated with underlying lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and interstitial lung disease (ILD), and is associated with poor outcomes. The current guidelines in the management of SSP have not been updated since the last decade; therefore, new protocols focused on the management of SSP should be evaluated. We present two cases of patients admitted with SSP who were treated conservatively due to haemodynamic stability. In both cases, the pneumothoraces resolved without further complications.

Dallis Ngo, Ghulam Aftab, Arjun Madhavan, Amar Bukhari
DOI: 10.1002/rcr803

Idiopathic pulmonary vein thrombosis (PVT) is exceedingly rare with an unknown incidence rate as it has only been reported in case reports. We present a case of idiopathic PVT which represents the 14th identified case within the current body of medical literature and the first ever case successfully treated with apixaban.

Yoshiro Kai, Masanori Yoshikawa, Masayuki Matsuda, Atsuhiko Fukuoka, Yukio Fujita, Motoo Yamauchi, Shigeo Muro
DOI: 10.1002/rcr804

Dupilumab, a human monoclonal antibody against interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13, has been approved for treating severe asthma and eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS). We present two cases of asthma complicated by recurrent ECRS after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), whose asthma symptoms and sinusitis were rapidly improved by dupilumab.

Yudai Suzuki, Naoki Takasaka, Sachi Matsubayashi, Ayako Kojima, Kyota Shinfuku, Tsukasa Hasegawa, Masami Yamada, Ikumi Fujisaki, Aya Seki, Yoshitaka Seki, Takeo Ishikawa, Kazuyoshi Kuwano
DOI: 10.1002/rcr805

We report a case of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) that occurred in a man receiving adalimumab for ankylosing spondylitis. This case suggests that anti-tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) antibody might cause ABPA in terms of disruption of the Th2/Th1 balance and the anti-fungal response.

Robert Smyth, John Mark Sloan, Eric Burks, Finn Hawkins
DOI: 10.1002/rcr806

A middle-aged male presents with dyspnoea and multifocal consolidations. Biopsy shows pulmonary MALT lymphoma, a rare lung tumour.

Sharlene Ho, Danqing Qi, Geak Poh Tan
DOI: 10.1002/rcr807

We present a case of unexplained dyspnoea with exercise-induced chronotropic incompetence (CI) discovered on a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), detailing the cause of CI, its implication on CPET interpretation, and response to treatment.

Tomotsugu Takano, Yuh Inutsuka, Satoshi Nakamura, Nobuhisa Ando, Masashi Komori
DOI: 10.1002/rcr810

Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) is an idiopathic disorder characterized by an abnormal accumulation of eosinophils in the interstitium and alveolar spaces of the lungs. The standard treatment for CEP is the administration of corticosteroids, but drug-related complications occur often. Here, we report a case of successful benralizumab treatment for comorbid CEP, severe bronchial asthma, and chronic airway infection.

Asma Saad, Imen Bouacida, Bechir Ben Radhia, Hazem Zribi, Amira Dridi, Adel Marghli
DOI: 10.1002/rcr811

Synovial sarcoma is a soft tissue sarcoma. Its occurrence as a primary mediastinal neoplasm is very rare. We report a fatal case of mediastinal synovial sarcoma in a 14-year-old girl with exertive dyspnoea at presentation. We highlight the role of imaging, the means of diagnosis, and the importance of the speed of therapeutic management. Mediastinal synovial sarcoma is a rare tumour that is difficult to diagnose. Its slow progression and delay in diagnosis may lead to a fatal evolution.

Makiko Yomota, Tina Kamei, Kie Mirokuji, Tsunekazu Hishima,Yukio Hosomi
DOI: 10.1002/rcr812

Diffuse pulmonary ossification (DPO) is a rare condition characterized by the formation of bone tissues in the lung. Most cases of DPO are diagnosed during autopsies or surgical specimen. We report a case of DPO after kidney transplantation diagnosed by transbronchial lung biopsy.

Ahel El Haj Chehade, Ibrahim Raphael, Brent Brown, Tony Abdo
DOI: 10.1002/rcr809

We present a patient with a history of cavitary mycobacterial lung infection and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who developed two connected fistulas post thoracentesis, an alveolo-pleural and a pleuro-cutaneous fistula, leading to continuous air leak from a stoma on his back.