We describe three cases who presented with haemoptysis, which on further evaluation were diagnosed as isolated tracheobronchial amyloidosis, and a review of literature.

Melioidosis is an emerging disease in India. Mediastinal abscess is rare in melioidosis. We have reported three such cases. Endobronchial ultrasound helped in diagnosis.

Tracheal and bronchial varices are rare, especially in children. We report the first presentation of bronchial varices and haemoptysis in a child, six years after a Fontan procedure for tricuspid atresia. She had tortuous mediastinal and transpleural arterial collaterals on imaging and subsequently underwent embolization of these collaterals with haemoptysis settling after this.

Indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) is a useful tool for refractory malignant pleural effusions (MPEs). Its use in benign pleural effusions comes mainly from retrospective studies, case series, and case reports. Lupus effusion is common, causes minimal symptoms, and usually responds to either steroid therapy or immunosuppressants. We describe a 52-year-old woman whose first presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was a pleural effusion refractory to steroids and immunosuppressants. She successfully achieved spontaneous pleurodesis with intermittent IPC drainage at three months.

Here, we report a case of non-severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complicated by pulmonary embolism (PE), which indicates that the possibility of PE should consistently be considered, even in non-severe cases of COVID-19 without any risk of thrombosis.

We describe a 69-year-old woman with underlying diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the colon 16 years ago in remission, who presented with a new problem of refractory chylothorax. It was successfully treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation in tandem with talc pleurodesis.

Here, we report a patient with non-small cell lung cancer-not otherwise specified (NSCLC-NOS) with high PD-L1 expression and aberrant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) production, in whom monotherapy with the anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab was effective as an initial treatment.

Here, we report the case of a 37-year-old pregnant Japanese woman with bronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma, recurrent asthmatic symptoms, and pneumonia that we treated successfully via interventional bronchoscopy and surgery. At one-year follow-up, the patient was disease-free and her baby was growing well.

We report the first case of incomplete metalloptysis linger pneumonia after the wedge resection of organizing pneumonia, with complete recovery by removal of residual clips, where clips from the staple cartridges had been applied on the periphery of the lung migrated and been incompletely expectorated.

We present a rare case of symptomatic thrombocytopaenia associated with nintedanib treatment in a patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Synchronous triple thymic carcinomas and thymoma have not been reported. The finding of this case report supports the hypothesis of malignant transformation of thymoma to thymic carcinoma.

We describe the surprise finding of haemorrhagic endobronchial casts causing complete ventilation failure in the first patient placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Australia. Removal of casts with international bronchoscopy procedures leads to the restoration of ventilation.

We report a case of large cell carcinoma identified during differential diagnosis of diffuse alveolar haemorrhage in a patient with haemoptysis.

We describe the clinical progress of siblings who initially presented with an undifferentiated paediatric interstitial lung disease at birth which was eventually diagnosed in adulthood as pulmonary surfactant dysfunction due to ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 3 (ABCA3 ) mutations. Clinical deterioration was due to progressive pulmonary hypertension and a moderate decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), rather than progression of the interstitial lung disease.

Solitary fibrous tumour of the pleura (SFTP) is a rare neoplasm. Moreover, cavity formation associated with SFTP is extremely rare. To our knowledge, only one such case has been previously reported.

The incidence of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced gastritis is relatively rare, compared with colitis, but a massive immunoreaction caused by ICIs can induce severe gastritis. Thus, gastritis should be considered when patients taking ICIs complain of any gastrointestinal symptoms.

There are many immune-related adverse events (irAEs) induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors; however, irAEs associated with type 2 inflammation are less known. We report a case of eosinophilic airway inflammation and eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis simultaneously during combination therapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab for renal cell carcinoma.

We describe the successful use of a single low-dose intrapleural (IP) alteplase in both indwelling pleural catheter blockage and symptomatic loculation drainage, following a failed therapy with six doses of IP streptokinase.

Chest computed tomography (CT) showed non-segmental reticular shadow and ground-glass opacity predominantly spreading over the lymphatic tract, including the centrilobular and perilymphatic areas. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/CT showed significant FDG accumulation in the lung fields, indicating the proliferative and reversible status of immunoglobulin G4-related lung disease (IgG4-RLD).

We report the case of a 72-year-old man with asbestos-related disease, firstly benign asbestos pleural effusion and subsequently diffuse pleural thickening, which progressed over 11 years and finally presented chronic respiratory failure. After his death, moderate asbestos body concentration was proven in his autopsy-derived lung tissue.

In this report, we present a case of endobronchial metastases from a primary embryonal carcinoma.

Multiple patchy pulmonary consolidations that are unresponsive to antibiotics and/or exist at peri-bronchial sites and bloody bronchoalveolar lavage may effectively help clinicians diagnose granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

Penetrating thoracic injuries by metallic rod are relatively rare. Here, we present the case of a stable patient with penetrating thoracic trauma where a careful radiological assessment helped us to perform a correct surgical management.

We present the case of a 70-year-old man diagnosed with endobronchial hamartoma (EH) with concurrent malignant disease. Hamartomas are rarely identified as endobronchial lesions and only a few cases of EH with concurrent malignant disease are reported. Radiographic imaging and symptoms cannot reliably differentiate between EH and malignant bronchial nodules, thus careful examination is warranted.

Pseudoaneurysm should be considered in the differential diagnosis when the computed tomography (CT) findings show a mediastinal mass in patients with a history of cardiovascular surgery even if such surgery occurred over two decades previously.