Many questions on the clinical management of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) remain unanswered, and data on corticosteroid therapy as a choice of treatment are mixed. We present the clinical course of seven patients, review the previous evidence, and discuss management.

We describe the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia patterns in asymptomatic individuals. The common computed tomography (CT) thorax patterns found are peripheral ground-glass opacification (GGO) with upper or lower lobe predominance. We believe screening for 2019-novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in high-risk individuals may help identify the patients needing longer follow-up.

We present the case of a 43-year-old man with suspected tuberculous pleurisy (TP). Thoracoscopy under local anaesthesia showed the entire pleura with scattered nodules. Nodules were biopsied by conventional biopsy forceps, but the tissue sample was small, so a cryobiopsy was performed. Histological analysis of the conventional biopsy forceps and cryobiopsy specimen showed inflammation with lymphocytes and caseating granulomas. Tissue culture of conventional biopsy forceps was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis , and all sensitivity tests were positive. But, the tissue culture of the cryobiopsy sample was negative. There is a possibility that cryobiopsy is not useful for tissue culture for TP.

We present a patient with endobronchial tuberculosis (TB) polyps for which initial acid-fast bacilli staining and TB complex DNA polymerase chain reaction yielded negative results. Histopathology showed non-caseating granulomatous inflammation and the diagnosis was ultimately achieved four weeks later when bronchial washing cultures yielded Mycobacterium tuberculosis , thus highlighting the challenges in achieving a timely diagnosis.

Adenocarcinoma (ADC) is the most common form of lung cancer; however, some other types of lung cancer, such as pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma (PC), can sometimes mimic ADC. Here, we present a patient with initial diagnosis of pulmonary ADC later diagnosed with PC.

Multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis in an adult non-smoker treated with steroid therapy for a subacute exacerbation: a case report and review of the literature.

We herein report a case of a patient who developed massive atelectasis by mucoid impaction during treatment with anti-interleukin (IL)-5 receptor antibody.

We report a case of chylothorax due to tuberculosis lymphadenitis with distinct evidence of enlarged lymphatic duct macroscopically.

We describe a case of an adult patient with bronchiectasis and hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPOA), whose joint symptoms flared during pulmonary exacerbations and improved with treatment of each exacerbation.

Hiccups caused by sarcoidosis have rarely been reported. We present an unusual case of sarcoidosis presenting with persistent hiccups that we believe is caused by his hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement.

Foreign body inhalation (FBI) is an uncommon clinical entity in adults and is a potentially serious but treatable condition. The authors report a case of a 31-year-old female asthmatic who presented with FBI. A non-organic object was removed with rigid bronchoscopy and a cryoprobe with resolution of symptoms.

Genomic contributors to the pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease are increasingly recognized. This case report describes dramatic clinical response to a combination of immunosuppression and danazol in a patient with non-specific interstitial pneumonia associated with very short telomeres.

Pleurisy hardly develops in patients with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection. We report the first case of NTM pleuritis with multiple granulomatous nodules in the pleura.

We report a case of a 59-year-old male with a one-month history of pleuritic chest pain who was diagnosed with tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO). TO is a rare benign condition characterized by protruding submucosal nodules into the tracheobronchial lumen. We hope this case will help to increase physician and patient awareness about this disease to help improve diagnostic strategy and knowledge of disease manifestations and potential complications.

Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder characterized by benign skin lesions, renal tumours, and pulmonary cysts. Individuals with this syndrome have a sevenfold increase in their risk of renal cancers and over 80% will develop pulmonary cysts, of which ~30% will experience a spontaneous pneumothorax in their lifetime.

Herein, we report a case of a diffuse micronodular form of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) that was diagnosed via transbronchial biopsy (TBB) and resolved spontaneously within a few months. Our case highlights that diffuse micronodular pattern of OP (MNOP) may resolve spontaneously similar to other forms of OP, and mild cases may be under-recognized. Furthermore, careful observation could be an option for managing MNOP with mild and non-progressive symptoms.

Here, we report a case of haemangioma on middle mediastinum accompanied by unilateral pleural effusion, which was initially suspected to be lung cancer and pleurisy. Although mediastinal haemangioma is hard to diagnose without surgery, we should include it in the differential diagnosis of a tumour with unilateral pleural effusion.

The typical bronchial manifestations of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) include intraluminal retention of inspissated mucus plugging and chronic inflammation of airway walls with eosinophils, lymphocytes, and neutrophils. Bronchiectasis and bronchial wall thickening can be seen on chest computed tomography (CT) scans. However, localized circumferential narrowing of the bronchus has not been reported. Herein, we report such a patient with ABPA, whose bronchial lesions disappeared after treatment with prednisolone and antifungal agents.

Herein, we described an extremely rare case of T-ALL/LBL accompanied by massive lung involvement without lymphoblasts in the blood.

In this study, we report a rare case of the successful diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma, based on the findings of visceral pleural biopsy under medical thoracoscopy.

We present the first report of uveitis developing two months after starting tuberculosis (TB) treatment in a 46-year-old woman with tuberculous lymphadenitis presenting with oral and genital ulcers and erythema nodosum-like lesions on diagnosis of TB. The appearance of uveitis was attributed to a paradoxical reaction in TB because of simultaneous relapse of lymphadenopathy and retinal findings on fluorescein angiography. Although rare, physicians should be aware that ocular involvement can occur during anti-TB therapy, most likely with extrapulmonary TB, because ocular involvement may decrease patient quality of life if visual symptoms become irreversible with delayed diagnosis and treatment.

We report a case of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) with adrenal gland oligorecurrence treated by adrenalectomy, which led to long-term survival.

A mediastinal mass in patients with a history of asbestos exposure should raise the suspicion of malignant mesothelioma.

Here, we describe a case of complete occlusion of right pulmonary artery seen in a patient with Behçet disease.

We report a rare case of post-operative pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm. In such instance a prompt diagnosis and adequate treatment are essential to avoid catastrophic complications.

We report a patient in whom a supernumerary venous branch draining the superior segment of the right lower lobe into the left atrium (accessory V6) was accidentally discovered near the level 7 nodal packet thus avoiding complications during surgery. The anomalous vessel was retrospectively identified on chest computed tomography (CT) scan.

This is a case of lung cancer with recurrent superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome, which was treated with additional stent placement.

Tracheal and bronchial varices are rare, especially in children. We report the first presentation of bronchial varices and haemoptysis in a child, six years after a Fontan procedure for tricuspid atresia. She had tortuous mediastinal and transpleural arterial collaterals on imaging and subsequently underwent embolization of these collaterals with haemoptysis settling after this.

Indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) is a useful tool for refractory malignant pleural effusions (MPEs). Its use in benign pleural effusions comes mainly from retrospective studies, case series, and case reports. Lupus effusion is common, causes minimal symptoms, and usually responds to either steroid therapy or immunosuppressants. We describe a 52-year-old woman whose first presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was a pleural effusion refractory to steroids and immunosuppressants. She successfully achieved spontaneous pleurodesis with intermittent IPC drainage at three months.

Here, we report a case of non-severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complicated by pulmonary embolism (PE), which indicates that the possibility of PE should consistently be considered, even in non-severe cases of COVID-19 without any risk of thrombosis.

We describe a 69-year-old woman with underlying diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the colon 16 years ago in remission, who presented with a new problem of refractory chylothorax. It was successfully treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation in tandem with talc pleurodesis.

Here, we report a patient with non-small cell lung cancer-not otherwise specified (NSCLC-NOS) with high PD-L1 expression and aberrant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) production, in whom monotherapy with the anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab was effective as an initial treatment.

e00627 First Published: 16 July 2020 We report the first case of incomplete metalloptysis linger pneumonia after the wedge resection of organizing pneumonia, with complete recovery by removal of residual clips, where clips from the staple cartridges had been applied on the periphery of the lung migrated and been incompletely expectorated.

We present a rare case of symptomatic thrombocytopaenia associated with nintedanib treatment in a patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

e00623 First Published: 15 July 2020 Multiple patchy pulmonary consolidations that are unresponsive to antibiotics and/or exist at peri-bronchial sites and bloody bronchoalveolar lavage may effectively help clinicians diagnose granulomatosis with polyangiitis.